DLG

http://tahoe.usgs.gov/DLG.html

This is an example of a DLG. A DLG or Digital Line Graph is a digital representation of the features displayed on a U.S. Geological Survey topographic map.  DLGs contain a wide variety of information depicting geographic features. Example: hypsography, hydrography, boundaries, roads, utility lines, etc
The map above is a DLG of Lake Tahoe

Statistical Map

http://mappery.com/map-of/United-States-Travel-Time-to-Work-Statistical-Map

This is a statistical map of the average "travel time to work" per state. The average time for the country as a whole is 24.3 minutes. The key on the right is in equal intervals of 2 minutes which means that the map is not skewed in any way. It's just pure data.

PLSS map

http://www.fairview-industries.com/standardmodule/mn-exmpl.htm


The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) is a way of subdividing and describing land in the United States. The map above shows a town in Minnesota subdivided. Each one of the smaller sized squares is 1/16 of a section. The Bureau of Land Management designed this map so there would be an increase in the clarity of communication when dealing with cadastral matters, between cooperating organizations.

LIDAR Map

http://www.flickr.com/photos/gisuser/43339456/

This is a LIDAR map of flood areas in New Orleans, LA after Hurricane Katrina. LIDAR is an optical remote sensing technology that can measure the distance to, or other properties of a target by illuminating the target with light.

Star Plot

http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/starplot.htm

The plot above contains the star plots for 16 cars. The variable list for this star plot is as follows:

1	Price
2	Mileage (MPG)
3	1978 Repair Record (1 = Worst, 5 = Best)
4	1977 Repair Record (1 = Worst, 5 = Best)
5	Headroom
6	Rear Seat Room
7	Trunk Space
8	Weight
9	Length

We can use this information to compare cars to each other, or to find a specific trait we want for our car whether it's price or gas mileage.

Correlation Matrix

http://yin.che.wisc.edu/images.htm

A correlation matrix is very similar to a similarity matrix, except that a correlation matrix shows the correlation between all pairs of data sets. The picture above shows a correlation matrix that was calculated for a protein for phage T7 (dealing with genetics).

Similarity Matrix

http://cgi.mtc.sri.com/Cluster-Lab/
This is a Behavioral Clustering Similarity Matrix. A red pixel means the similarity are close to 1 or 1.  A blue pixel means there are small similarity to none